Относительное и абсолютное позиционирование в html

Overlapping Elements

When elements are positioned, they can overlap other elements.

The property specifies the stack order of an element (which element should be placed in front of, or behind, the others).

An element can have a positive or negative stack order:

Because the image has a z-index of -1, it will be placed behind the text.

Example

img
{

position: absolute;
left: 0px;

top: 0px;

z-index: -1;
}

An element with greater stack order is always in front of an element with a lower stack order.

Note: If two positioned elements overlap without a
specified, the element positioned last in the HTML code will be shown on top.

Property Values

Value	Description	Play it
static	Default value. Elements render in order, as they appear in the document flow	Play it »
absolute	The element is positioned relative to its first positioned (not static) ancestor element	Play it »
fixed	The element is positioned relative to the browser window	Play it »
relative	The element is positioned relative to its normal position, so «left:20px» adds 20 pixels to the element’s LEFT position	Play it »
sticky	The element is positioned based on the user’s scroll position Тег html выпадающий список A sticky element toggles between and , depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport — then it «sticks» in place (like position:fixed). Note: Not supported in IE/Edge 15 or earlier. Supported in Safari from version 6.1 with a -webkit- prefix.	Try it »
initial	Sets this property to its default value. Read about initial	Play it »
inherit	Inherits this property from its parent element. Read about inherit

CSS Properties

Background в css (color, position, image, repeat, attachment)

align-contentalign-itemsalign-selfallanimationanimation-delayanimation-directionanimation-durationanimation-fill-modeanimation-iteration-countanimation-nameanimation-play-stateanimation-timing-functionbackface-visibilitybackgroundbackground-attachmentbackground-blend-modebackground-clipbackground-colorbackground-imagebackground-originbackground-positionbackground-repeatbackground-sizeborderborder-bottomborder-bottom-colorborder-bottom-left-radiusborder-bottom-right-radiusborder-bottom-styleborder-bottom-widthborder-collapseborder-colorborder-imageborder-image-outsetborder-image-repeatborder-image-sliceborder-image-sourceborder-image-widthborder-leftborder-left-colorborder-left-styleborder-left-widthborder-radiusborder-rightborder-right-colorborder-right-styleborder-right-widthborder-spacingborder-styleborder-topborder-top-colorborder-top-left-radiusborder-top-right-radiusborder-top-styleborder-top-widthborder-widthbottombox-decoration-breakbox-shadowbox-sizingbreak-afterbreak-beforebreak-insidecaption-sidecaret-color@charsetclearclipclip-pathcolorcolumn-countcolumn-fillcolumn-gapcolumn-rulecolumn-rule-colorcolumn-rule-stylecolumn-rule-widthcolumn-spancolumn-widthcolumnscontentcounter-incrementcounter-resetcursordirectiondisplayempty-cellsfilterflexflex-basisflex-directionflex-flowflex-growflex-shrinkflex-wrapfloatfont@font-facefont-familyfont-feature-settingsfont-kerningfont-sizefont-size-adjustfont-stretchfont-stylefont-variantfont-variant-capsfont-weightgapgridgrid-areagrid-auto-columnsgrid-auto-flowgrid-auto-rowsgrid-columngrid-column-endgrid-column-gapgrid-column-startgrid-gapgrid-rowgrid-row-endgrid-row-gapgrid-row-startgrid-templategrid-template-areasgrid-template-columnsgrid-template-rowshanging-punctuationheighthyphens@importisolationjustify-content@keyframesleftletter-spacingline-heightlist-stylelist-style-imagelist-style-positionlist-style-typemarginmargin-bottommargin-leftmargin-rightmargin-topmax-heightmax-width@mediamin-heightmin-widthmix-blend-modeobject-fitobject-positionopacityorderoutlineoutline-coloroutline-offsetoutline-styleoutline-widthoverflowoverflow-xoverflow-ypaddingpadding-bottompadding-leftpadding-rightpadding-toppage-break-afterpage-break-beforepage-break-insideperspectiveperspective-originpointer-eventspositionquotesresizerightrow-gapscroll-behaviortab-sizetable-layouttext-aligntext-align-lasttext-decorationtext-decoration-colortext-decoration-linetext-decoration-styletext-indenttext-justifytext-overflowtext-shadowtext-transformtoptransformtransform-origintransform-styletransitiontransition-delaytransition-durationtransition-propertytransition-timing-functionunicode-bidiuser-selectvertical-alignvisibilitywhite-spacewidthword-breakword-spacingword-wrapwriting-modez-index

position: sticky;

Border

An element with is positioned based on the user’s scroll position.

A sticky element toggles between and , depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport — then it «sticks» in place (like position:fixed).

Note: Internet Explorer does not support sticky positioning. Safari requires a -webkit-
prefix (see example below). You must also specify at least one of , , or for
sticky positioning to work.

In this example, the sticky element sticks to the top of the page (), when you reach its scroll position.

Example

div.sticky { position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */ position:
sticky; top: 0; background-color: green;
border: 2px solid #4CAF50;}

CSS Advanced

CSS Rounded CornersCSS Border ImagesCSS BackgroundsCSS ColorsCSS Color KeywordsCSS Gradients
Linear Gradients
Radial Gradients

CSS Shadows
Shadow Effects
Box Shadow

CSS Text EffectsCSS Web FontsCSS 2D TransformsCSS 3D TransformsCSS TransitionsCSS AnimationsCSS TooltipsCSS Style ImagesCSS Image ReflectionCSS object-fitCSS object-positionCSS ButtonsCSS PaginationCSS Multiple ColumnsCSS User InterfaceCSS Variables
The var() Function
Overriding Variables
Variables and JavaScript
Variables in Media Queries

CSS Box SizingCSS Media QueriesCSS MQ ExamplesCSS Flexbox
CSS Flexbox
CSS Flex Container
CSS Flex Items
CSS Flex Responsive

CSS Tutorial

CSS HOMECSS IntroductionCSS SyntaxCSS SelectorsCSS How ToCSS CommentsCSS Colors
Colors
RGB
HEX
HSL

CSS Backgrounds
Background Color
Background Image
Background Repeat
Background Attachment
Background Shorthand

CSS Borders
Borders
Border Width
Border Color
Border Sides
Border Shorthand
Rounded Borders

CSS Margins
Margins
Margin Collapse

CSS PaddingCSS Height/WidthCSS Box ModelCSS Outline
Outline
Outline Width
Outline Color
Outline Shorthand
Outline Offset

CSS Text
Text Color
Text Alignment
Text Decoration
Text Transformation
Text Spacing
Text Shadow

CSS Fonts
Font Family
Font Web Safe
Font Fallbacks
Font Style
Font Size
Font Google
Font Pairings
Font Shorthand

CSS IconsCSS LinksCSS ListsCSS Tables
Table Borders
Table Size
Table Alignment
Table Style
Table Responsive

CSS DisplayCSS Max-widthCSS PositionCSS OverflowCSS Float
Float
Clear
Float Examples

CSS Inline-blockCSS AlignCSS CombinatorsCSS Pseudo-classCSS Pseudo-elementCSS OpacityCSS Navigation Bar
Navbar
Vertical Navbar
Horizontal Navbar

CSS DropdownsCSS Image GalleryCSS Image SpritesCSS Attr SelectorsCSS FormsCSS CountersCSS Website LayoutCSS UnitsCSS SpecificityCSS !important

position: absolute;

An element with is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor
(instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed).

However; if an absolute positioned element has no positioned ancestors,
it uses the document body, and moves along with page scrolling.

Note: A «positioned» element is one whose position is anything except
.

Here is a simple example:

This <div> element has position: relative;

Here is the CSS that is used:

Example

div.relative { position: relative;
width: 400px; height: 200px; border: 3px solid #73AD21;}

div.absolute { position: absolute;
top: 80px; right: 0; width: 200px; height: 100px; border: 3px solid #73AD21;}

CSS Reference

CSS ReferenceCSS Browser SupportCSS SelectorsCSS FunctionsCSS Reference AuralCSS Web Safe FontsCSS Font FallbacksCSS AnimatableCSS UnitsCSS PX-EM ConverterCSS ColorsCSS Color ValuesCSS Default ValuesCSS Entities

CSS Properties

backface-visibility
background
background-attachment
background-blend-mode
background-clip
background-color
background-image
background-origin
background-position
background-repeat
background-size
border
border-bottom
border-bottom-color
border-bottom-left-radius
border-bottom-right-radius
border-bottom-style
border-bottom-width
border-collapse
border-color
border-image
border-image-outset
border-image-repeat
border-image-slice
border-image-source
border-image-width
border-left
border-left-color
border-left-style
border-left-width
border-radius
border-right
border-right-color
border-right-style
border-right-width
border-spacing
border-style
border-top
border-top-color
border-top-left-radius
border-top-right-radius
border-top-style
border-top-width
border-width
bottom
box-decoration-break
box-shadow
box-sizing
break-after
break-before
break-inside

caption-side
caret-color
@charset
clear
clip
clip-path
color
column-count
column-fill
column-gap
column-rule
column-rule-color
column-rule-style
column-rule-width
column-span
column-width
columns
content
counter-increment
counter-reset
cursor

direction
display
empty-cells
filter
flex
flex-basis
flex-direction
flex-flow
flex-grow
flex-shrink
flex-wrap
float
font
@font-face
font-family
font-feature-settings
font-kerning
font-size
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-style
font-variant
font-variant-caps
font-weight

gap
grid
grid-area
grid-auto-columns
grid-auto-flow
grid-auto-rows
grid-column
grid-column-end
grid-column-gap
grid-column-start
grid-gap
grid-row
grid-row-end
grid-row-gap
grid-row-start
grid-template
grid-template-areas
grid-template-columns
grid-template-rows

hanging-punctuation
height
hyphens
@import
isolation
justify-content
@keyframes
left
letter-spacing

line-height
list-style
list-style-image
list-style-position
list-style-type

margin
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
margin-top
max-height
max-width
@media
min-height
min-width
mix-blend-mode

object-fit
object-position
opacity
order
outline
outline-color
outline-offset
outline-style
outline-width
overflow
overflow-x
overflow-y

padding
padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-right
padding-top
page-break-after
page-break-before
page-break-inside
perspective
perspective-origin
pointer-events
position
quotes

resize
right
row-gap

scroll-behavior

tab-size
table-layout
text-align
text-align-last
text-decoration
text-decoration-color
text-decoration-line
text-decoration-style
text-indent
text-justify
text-overflow
text-shadow
text-transform
top

transform
transform-origin
transform-style
transition
transition-delay
transition-duration
transition-property
transition-timing-function

unicode-bidi
user-select

vertical-align
visibility

white-space
width
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode

z-index

position: sticky;

An element with is positioned based on the user’s scroll position.

Note: Internet Explorer does not support sticky positioning. Safari requires a -webkit-
prefix (see example below). You must also specify at least one of , , or for
sticky positioning to work.

In this example, the sticky element sticks to the top of the page (), when you reach its scroll position.

Example

div.sticky { position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */ position:
sticky; top: 0; background-color: green;
border: 2px solid #4CAF50;}

CSS Properties

CSS Tutorial

CSS HOMECSS IntroductionCSS SyntaxCSS SelectorsCSS How ToCSS CommentsCSS Colors
Colors
RGB
HEX
HSL

CSS Backgrounds
Background Color
Background Image
Background Repeat
Background Attachment
Background Shorthand

CSS Borders
Borders
Border Width
Border Color
Border Sides
Border Shorthand
Rounded Borders

CSS Margins
Margins
Margin Collapse

CSS PaddingCSS Height/WidthCSS Box ModelCSS Outline
Outline
Outline Width
Outline Color
Outline Shorthand
Outline Offset

CSS Text
Text Color
Text Alignment
Text Decoration
Text Transformation
Text Spacing
Text Shadow

CSS Fonts
Font Family
Font Web Safe
Font Fallbacks
Font Style
Font Size
Font Google
Font Pairings
Font Shorthand

CSS IconsCSS LinksCSS ListsCSS Tables
Table Borders
Table Size
Table Alignment
Table Style
Table Responsive

CSS DisplayCSS Max-widthCSS PositionCSS OverflowCSS Float
Float
Clear
Float Examples

CSS Inline-blockCSS AlignCSS CombinatorsCSS Pseudo-classCSS Pseudo-elementCSS OpacityCSS Navigation Bar
Navbar
Vertical Navbar
Horizontal Navbar

CSS DropdownsCSS Image GalleryCSS Image SpritesCSS Attr SelectorsCSS FormsCSS CountersCSS Website LayoutCSS UnitsCSS SpecificityCSS !important

CSS Advanced

CSS Rounded CornersCSS Border ImagesCSS BackgroundsCSS ColorsCSS Color KeywordsCSS Gradients
Linear Gradients
Radial Gradients

CSS Shadows
Shadow Effects
Box Shadow

CSS Box SizingCSS Media QueriesCSS MQ ExamplesCSS Flexbox
CSS Flexbox
CSS Flex Container
CSS Flex Items
CSS Flex Responsive

CSS position: relative

Свойство position: relative — относительное позиционирование. Мы видели пример использования этого элемента чуть выше.

При задании этого параметра, активизируются следующие параметры:

top
bottom
left
right

Если не указано никаких смещений, т.е.

то отображение html-элемента происходит на том же месте как и по умолчанию (т.е. без задания relative). Если же указаны смещения, то элемент будет смещен относительно своего расположения либо ниже, выше, левее или правее. При этом другие окружающие элементы считают, что никакого смещения нету. Короче говоря, использовать relative имеет смысл только если мы задали смещения.

Для пояснения этой особенности приведем пример.

Примера 2. HTML-код:

Код преобразуется в следующее:

Примера 2*. Добавим к первому диву: position: relative;. HTML-код:

Код преобразуется в следующее:

Наш красный квадрат переместился на 200 пикселей влево и на 100 пикселей вниз и частично своей площадью закрыл текст. При этом то место, где должен был наш квадрат текст по-прежнему его огибает как будто он там есть.

CSS Reference

CSS Properties

hanging-punctuation
height
hyphens
@import
isolation
justify-content
@keyframes
left
letter-spacing

line-height
list-style
list-style-image
list-style-position
list-style-type

margin
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
margin-top
max-height
max-width
@media
min-height
min-width
mix-blend-mode

object-fit
object-position
opacity
order
outline
outline-color
outline-offset
outline-style
outline-width
overflow
overflow-x
overflow-y

padding
padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-right
padding-top
page-break-after
page-break-before
page-break-inside
perspective
perspective-origin
pointer-events
position
quotes

resize
right
row-gap

scroll-behavior

tab-size
table-layout
text-align
text-align-last
text-decoration
text-decoration-color
text-decoration-line
text-decoration-style
text-indent
text-justify
text-overflow
text-shadow
text-transform
top

transform
transform-origin
transform-style
transition
transition-delay
transition-duration
transition-property
transition-timing-function

unicode-bidi
user-select

vertical-align
visibility

white-space
width
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode

z-index

position: absolute;

An element with is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor
(instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed).

However; if an absolute positioned element has no positioned ancestors,
it uses the document body, and moves along with page scrolling.

Note: A «positioned» element is one whose position is anything except
.

Here is a simple example:

This <div> element has position: relative;

Here is the CSS that is used:

Example

div.relative { position: relative;
width: 400px; height: 200px; border: 3px solid #73AD21;}

div.absolute { position: absolute;
top: 80px; right: 0; width: 200px; height: 100px; border: 3px solid #73AD21;}

Property Values

Value	Description	Play it
static	Default value. Elements render in order, as they appear in the document flow	Play it »
absolute	The element is positioned relative to its first positioned (not static) ancestor element	Play it »
fixed	The element is positioned relative to the browser window	Play it »
relative	The element is positioned relative to its normal position, so «left:20px» adds 20 pixels to the element’s LEFT position	Play it »
sticky	The element is positioned based on the user’s scroll position A sticky element toggles between and , depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport — then it «sticks» in place (like position:fixed). Note: Not supported in IE/Edge 15 or earlier. Supported in Safari from version 6.1 with a -webkit- prefix.	Try it »
initial	Sets this property to its default value. Read about initial	Play it »
inherit	Inherits this property from its parent element. Read about inherit